The biological and geological future
of the Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of
several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at the Earth's
surface, the rate of cooling of the planet's interior, the gravitational
interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in
the Sun's luminosity.
Humans now play a key role in the biosphere,
with the large human population dominating many of Earth's ecosystems. This has
resulted in a widespread, ongoing extinction of other species during the
present geological epoch, now known as the Holocene extinction. The large scale
loss of species caused by human influence since the 1950s has been called a biotic
crisis, with an estimated 10% of the total species lost as of 2007.
At current rates, about 30% of
species are at risk of extinction in the next hundred years. The Holocene
extinction event is the result of habitat destruction, the widespread
distribution of invasive species, hunting, and climate change. In the present
day, human activity has had a significant impact on the surface of the planet.
More than a third of the land surface has been modified by human actions, and
humans use about 20% of global primary production. The concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by close to 30% since the start of the Industrial
Revolution.
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By : Dessy Oktavia
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